Do Your Due Diligence

Flood risk, schools, and well/septic basics every seller and buyer in Central Virginia should check before closing

Verify It Before You Sign

A listing doesn't tell you everything, and under Virginia's disclosure rules, it often doesn't have to. Flood risk, school assignment, and well/septic condition are three things worth checking yourself, with primary sources, before removing contingencies or listing a property.

Due Diligence

Flood Risk

Check the exact parcel, not just the neighborhood. Flood zones can change block to block, and a lender or insurer will check the official maps regardless of what a listing says.

A property outside the mapped 100-year floodplain can still flood, and flood insurance is available, sometimes worth having, even where a lender doesn't require it. Confirm current flood-zone status and insurance cost with your lender and insurance agent before removing contingencies.

Due Diligence

Schools

A portal's "assigned schools" estimate isn't always current, and boundaries can shift. Verify attendance zones directly with Hanover County Public Schools, then cross-check the independent ratings below.

Ratings from different sites can disagree because they weigh different things. Treat them as a starting point for questions, not a final verdict, and always confirm current attendance-zone assignment with the school division directly.

Due Diligence

Well & Septic

In parts of Hanover, Goochland, Powhatan, and other rural areas surrounding Ashland and Richmond, a home may have a private well, septic system, or both. Don't assume a listing gives you enough detail.

Central Virginia Note: Well and Septic. Ask about whether the home has public water, public sewer, private well, private septic, or a combination; septic permit records, drainfield location, system capacity, age, maintenance history, and pump-out history; whether the septic system supports the home's current bedroom count; well age, depth, yield, water-quality history, treatment equipment, and maintenance; and any planned additions, guest houses, pools, or lot improvements that could be affected by septic capacity, setbacks, or drainage. Virginia's disclosure notice specifically says sellers make no representation about the presence, type, size, or maintenance responsibilities of a wastewater system; buyers are advised to investigate the system and its inspection, repair, maintenance, and pump-out requirements themselves.

For water and sewer service in areas with public infrastructure instead of a private well/septic, see the Utility Providers page.

Virginia Buyer Reminder: An Omission Is Not an All-Clear

In Virginia, the Residential Property Disclosure Act generally emphasizes buyer due diligence. The seller's residential property disclosure statement says owners make no representations or warranties about the property's condition or improvements, and it specifically advises buyers to exercise whatever due diligence they deem necessary, including inspections and other appropriate evaluations, before settlement.

That means you shouldn't assume a seller has confirmed:

  • The overall condition of the house
  • Lot lines, setback rules, lot coverage, or whether an addition can be built
  • Adjacent parcels, zoning, or future uses next door
  • Flood risk or flood-insurance requirements, or dam-break inundation zones
  • Conservation easements or other easements
  • Septic-system type, size, condition, maintenance needs, or pump-out requirements
  • Radon risk, marine clay or soil concerns, or lead-pipe concerns
  • Airport or aircraft noise, or military-installation impacts
  • Historic-district or resource-protection-area restrictions
  • Sex offender registry information

Virginia's current disclosure statement also highlights items sellers must affirmatively disclose in writing, including pending building-code or zoning violations, lis pendens, prior methamphetamine manufacturing, privately owned stormwater-management facilities, repetitive-risk-loss status, and septic-system operating-permit validity.

A listing may not tell you everything you need to know, and under Virginia's disclosure framework, it may not have to. Ask questions, review documents, investigate the land and surrounding area, and use the appropriate contingencies and inspections before removing protections or moving forward to closing.

This is educational information, not legal advice. The exact disclosures and protections that apply can depend on the property, transaction, contract, and circumstances. Source: Virginia DPOR, Residential Property Disclosures.

Michael Hottman

Questions About a Specific Property?

Flood zones, septic history, and school assignment all come down to the specific parcel. I can help pull the records that matter for a home you're listing or watching before you're deep into a contract.